The city, founded in 1478, was considered the only (de facto) capital of the Canary Islands until the seventeenth century. The capital of the island, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, is considered to be the most populated by the Canary Islands with 383 343 inhabitants, is also the capital of the eastern province (Las Palmas) and the Autonomous Community of the Canary Islands, together with Santa Cruz de Tenerife. The population of the island in 2017 was 843,158 inhabitants, being the second most populated island of the Canary Islands, although the one with the highest population density. In fact, in 2012 AENA declared that only 9 Spanish airports obtained benefits in 2011, one of them is Gran Canaria. In 2016, the Gran Canaria airport received 12 093 645 passengers, 6 ranking 6th nationally and making it the first airport in the Canary Islands. Other airlines operate charter flights to Cape Verde and The Gambia, but only during the winter season. The airport operates with 60 airlines and it is the operational base for NAYSA, Binter Canarias, Vueling Airlines Canaryfly, and Norwegian Air Shuttle. The airport of Gran Canaria is a suitable connection to travel to West Africa (including Western Sahara, Morocco, Senegal, Mauritania, Cape Verde), and to the Atlantic islands of the Azores and Madeira.

The Gran Canaria Airport currently has only one terminal, which is in turn divided into three areas: Area A (international Schengen flights), Area B (domestic flights to the Spanish Peninsula and non-Schengen flights), and the Area C (inter-island flights between the Canary Islands). It is used by large companies such as Air Europa, EasyJet, KLM and Iberia, among others, and traffic between the islands to Tenerife Airport or to Lanzarote Airport managed by Binter Canarias and Naysa. Considered one of the safest airports in the world, it operates 24 hours a day and has two parallel tracks with a length of 3,100 meters and a width of 45 meters each.

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